Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a clinical analysis based on 10 years of published data in China / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) to provide a reference for the early diagnosis and timely treatment of DNM.@*Methods@#Data on DNM in China was electronically retrieved from the core databases and comprehensively reviewed from June 2012 to June 2023. The infection, pathogenic microorganisms, main symptoms, comorbidities and treatment methods of DNM were analyzed.@*Results@#The data of a total of 781 DNM patients, with an average age of (52.97 ± 5.64) years, were retrieved, including 554 males and 227 females. Odontogenic source, tonsillitis, pharyngeal abscess, sialoadenitis, upper respiratory tract infection, foreign body injury, or iatrogenic traumatic procedures are common causes. Among these, odontogenic infection is the most common source. Streptococcus sp. (n = 217) and Staphylococcus sp. (n = 82) were most isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (equally n = 59). A total of 69.4% (542/781) of DNM patients recruited in this study were discovered to have various comorbidities, and more than one-third of these patients (n = 185) had diabetes. Of the broad antibiotics, carbapenem was most frequently used as treatment, and vancomycin was the most frequently coadministered. The mediastinal drainage approach varies widely, and the optimal regimen is still unknown. Seventy-two patients were treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic/mediastinoscopic surgical drainage, 22 patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage, 30 underwent the transcervical approach, and 40 underwent thoracotomy. A total of 617 patients who were selected underwent the appropriate combined operation for surgical drainage according to the specific location of the infected focus. The overall mortality rate of all 781 DNM patients included was 11.2%.@*Conclusion@#The most effective diagnosis and treatment of DNM is a high degree of clinical vigilance followed by prompt and adequate drainage with intensive care, including hemodynamic monitoring, nutritional support, computer tomographic scanning repeated as necessary, and combined use of systemic antibiotics.

Social functioning characteristics of children with co occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the social functioning characteristics of children with co ocurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) for intervention reference.@*Methods@#The Chinese Version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Parent Form(SNAP-IV), the Chinese Version of Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent(WFIRS-P), and the Questionnaire-Children with Difficulties (QCD) were applied to 192 children with ADHD, 243 children with co occurrence of ADHD and ODD, who firstly visited the Department of Children Psychological Health of Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, and 118 healthy control children from a school in Zhuhai.@*Results@#The scores of attention deficit factor in SNAP-Ⅳ scale of children in three groups were[1.9(1.7, 2.1), 1.8(1.6, 1.9), 1.0(0.6, 1.2)], the scores of hyperactive impulsivity were[1.8(1.4, 2.1), 1.6(1.1, 1.8), 0.7(0.2, 1.0)] the scores of oppositional defiant were[1.6(1.5, 1.9), 1.0(0.8,1.1), 0.8(0.5, 1.0)], the differences were statistically significant( H=268.44, 237.97, 418.66, P <0.01). The dimensions and total scores of the three groups of children s WFIRS-P scale were family[0.8(0.6, 1.1), 0.6(0.3, 0.8), 0.3(0.1, 0.6)]; learning and school[0.8(0.5, 1.1), 0.8(0.5, 1.0), 0.3(0.1, 0.5)]; life skills[1.0(0.7, 1.2), 0.8(0.6, 1.0), 0.6(0.4, 0.8)]; self management [1.0(0.3, 1.0), 0.7(0.3, 1.0), 0.3(0.0, 0.7)]; social activities [0.7(0.4, 1.0), 0.6(0.3, 0.9), 0.3(0.0, 0.4 )]; adventure activities[0.3(0.2, 0.5), 0.2(0.1, 0.4), 0.1(0.0, 0.2)]; the total score[0.8(0.6, 1.0), 0.6(0.5, 0.8), 0.4( 0.2 , 0.6)], the difference between the groups was statistically significant( H=108.82, 122.45, 60.17, 40.58, 96.17, 76.57, 138.30, P <0.01). The difference between the QCD scale scores of children in the three groups was statistically significant[30.0( 24.0 , 37.0), 32.0(27.0, 40.0), 47.0(37.0, 52.3), H=124.65, P <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that attention deficit, and oppositional defiant symptoms were associated with both the total WFIRS-P score and the QCD score of children( R 2= 0.40 , 0.25, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Children with co occurrence of ADHD and ODD have more severe deficits in all dimensions of social functioning than children with ADHD, which might be associated with attention deficit and oppositional defiant symptoms.

Clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for female stress urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis / Eficácia clínica da terapia da medicina tradicional chinesa para a incontinência urinária de esforço feminina: uma meta-análise / Eficacia clínica de la terapia de medicina tradicional china para la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo femenina: un metaanálisis

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Method: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched for articles published up to September 2022. Variables were analyzed using weighted mean difference (WMD), standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Eight studies containing 744 patients were included in this study. The results demonstrate that TCM therapy had more advantages in improving the clinical outcome of SUI patients (OR = 2.90, 95%CI:1.92-4.37, P = 0.000), reducing the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) score (WMD = -2.41, 95%CI:-2.83- -1.98, P = 0.000), reducing 1-h urinary pad leakage urine volume (WMD = -1.86, 95%CI:-2.23- -1.49, P = 0.000) and increasing Maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (SMD = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.61-1.11, P = 0.000). Conclusion: TCM therapy is effective in improving urinary incontinence symptoms, urodynamics, and quality of life in patients with SUI. This article provides a reference for the application of TCM therapy in women with urinary incontinence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar la eficacia de la medicina tradicional china (MTC) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) femenina. Método: Se llevaron a cabo búsquedas de artículos publicados hasta septiembre de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang y VIP. Las variables se analizaron mediante la diferencia de medias ponderada (DMP), la diferencia de medias estandarizada (DME), la razón de momios (RM) y el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: Este estudio incluyó ocho investigaciones con la participación de 744 pacientes. Los resultados indican que la terapia de medicina tradicional china (MTC) presentó mejoras significativas en los resultados clínicos de pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) (RM = 2.90, IC del 95%: 1.92-4.37, P = 0.000), al reducir la puntuación del Cuestionario Internacional sobre la Incontinencia y su impacto en la calidad de vida (ICIQ-SF) (DMP = -2.41, IC del 95%: -2.83- -1.98, P = 0.000), así como la disminución del volumen de orina a la 1 hora de fuga de la almohadilla urinaria (DMP = -1.86, IC del 95%: -2.23- -1.49, P = 0.000) y el aumento de la presión de cierre uretral máxima (PCUM) (DME = 0.86, IC del 95%: 0.61-1.11, P = 0.000). Conclusión: La terapia de medicina tradicional china (MTC) resulta efectiva en la mejora de los síntomas de la incontinencia urinaria, la urodinámica y la calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE). Este artículo ofrece una referencia para la aplicación de la terapia de MTC en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a eficácia da medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC) no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) feminina. Método: Foram realizadas pesquisas de artigos publicados até setembro de 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang e VIP. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio da diferença de média ponderada (DMP), da diferença média padronizada (DMP), da razão de chances (RC) e do intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Esta pesquisa envolveu oito estudos, contando com a participação de 744 pacientes. Os resultados indicam que a terapia da medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC) apresentou melhorias significativas nos resultados clínicos de pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) (RM = 2.90, IC de 95%: 1.92-4.37, P = 0.000), ao reduzir a pontuação do Questionário Internacional sobre a Incontinência Urinária - Versão Breve (ICIQ-SF) (Diferença de Média Ponderada = -2.41, IC de 95%: -2.83- -1.98, P = 0.000), assim como na diminuição do volume de urina na 1 hora de vazamento do absorvente urinário (Diferença de Média Ponderada = -1.86, IC de 95%: -2.23- -1.49, P = 0.000) e no aumento da pressão máxima de encerramento uretral (PMCU) (Diferença Média Padronizada = 0.86, IC de 95%: 0.61-1.11, P = 0.000). Conclusão: A terapia da medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC) é eficaz na melhoria dos sintomas da incontinência urinária, na urodinâmica e na qualidade de vida em pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Este artigo fornece uma referência para a aplicação da terapia da MTC em mulheres com incontinência urinária.

Effect of balance training on aerobics teaching for university students / Efeito do treinamento de equilíbrio no ensino de aeróbica para universitários / Efecto del entrenamiento de equilibrio en la enseñanza del aeróbic a estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among the known benefits of aerobics gymnastics are flexibility, motor coordination improvement, weight loss, and balance improvement. The balance capacity is very important for aerobics students, and it is believed that introducing a complementary protocol can bring greater benefits to the performance of its practitioners. Objective: Explore the effects of balance training on university students practicing aerobics. Methods: A 9-week experiment was conducted employing 100 college aerobics students. The volunteers were divided into two groups without statistical differences. Balance training was added to the experimental group, while the control group remained with daily teaching practice. Results: The push-up score increased from 2.27±0.45 to 2.73±0.46, the body rotation score was from 1.87±0.35 to 2.40±0.51, and the squat score was from 2.53±0.52 to 3.03±0.30. While the aerobic ability of college students in the experimental group was effectively improved, no significant changes were observed in the control group data. Conclusion: Balance training can effectively improve college students' ability, leading to improvement in teaching aerobics to college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Entre os benefícios da ginástica aeróbica conhecidos estão a flexibilidade, aprimoramento da coordenação motora, perda de peso, e a melhora no equilíbrio. A capacidade de equilíbrio é muito importante para os estudantes de aeróbica e acredita-se que a introdução de um protocolo complementar possa trazer maiores benefícios no desempenho de seus praticantes. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de equilíbrio em estudantes universitários praticantes de aeróbica. Métodos: Uma experiência de 9 semanas foi realizada empregando 100 estudantes universitários de aeróbica, os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos sem diferenças estatísticas. Ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um treino de equilíbrio, enquanto o grupo de controle permaneceu com a prática de ensino cotidiana. Resultados: A pontuação no push-up elevou-se de 2,27±0.45 para 2,73±0,46, a pontuação da rotação corporal foi de 1,87±0,35 para 2,40±0,51, e a pontuação em agachamento foi de 2,53±0,52 para 3,03±0,30. Enquanto a habilidade aeróbica dos estudantes universitários no grupo experimental foi efetivamente aperfeiçoada, não foram observadas alterações significativas nos dados do grupo de controle. Conclusão: O treinamento de equilíbrio pode efetivamente melhorar a habilidade dos estudantes universitários, conduzindo à melhoria do processo de ensino de aeróbica para universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Entre los beneficios conocidos de la gimnasia aeróbica están la flexibilidad, mejora de la coordinación motora, pérdida de peso, y el progreso en el equilibrio. La capacidad de equilibrio es muy importante para los alumnos de aeróbic y se cree que la introducción de un protocolo complementario puede aportar más beneficios en el rendimiento de sus practicantes. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento del equilibrio en estudiantes universitarios que practican aeróbic. Métodos: Se realizó un experimento de 9 semanas en el que participaron 100 estudiantes universitarios de aeróbic, los voluntarios se dividieron en dos grupos sin diferencias estadísticas. Se añadió entrenamiento de equilibrio al grupo experimental, mientras que el grupo de control permaneció con la práctica docente diaria. Resultados: La puntuación de la flexión de brazos aumentó de 2,27±0,45 a 2,73±0,46, la puntuación de la rotación corporal fue de 1,87±0,35 a 2,40±0,51, y la puntuación de la sentadilla fue de 2,53±0,52 a 3,03±0,30. Mientras que la capacidad aeróbica de los estudiantes universitarios del grupo experimental mejoró eficazmente, no se observaron cambios significativos en los datos del grupo de control. Conclusión: El entrenamiento del equilibrio puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad de los estudiantes universitarios, lo que conduce a la mejora del proceso de enseñanza del aeróbic para estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Investigation on nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into improving human nutrition and health.@*Methods@#The permanent residents at ages of 18 to 64 years were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method from 13 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City from June to July, 2021. Participants' demographics and awareness of nutrition and health knowledge were collected using the Questionnaire on Nutrition and Health Knowledge among Chinese Adult Residents, and the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was analyzed among participants with different demographic features.@*Results@#A total of 5 106 questionnaires were allocated, and 4 920 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.36%. The respondents included 2 575 men (52.34%) and 2 345 women (47.66%), and had a mean age of (39.89±12.85) years. The median score of nutrition and health knowledge was 67.50 (interquartile range, 16.50) points, and the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was 24.49%, while the awareness of dietary recommendation, food characteristics, nutrition and disease, food choice and food safety was 15.89%, 16.77%, 54.17%, 26.36% and 60.69%, respectively. The awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was significantly lower among men than among women (21.01% vs. 28.32%, P<0.05), and among urban residents than among rural residents (22.94% vs. 27.34%, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among residents in terms of age, occupation and educational level (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Age, gender, region, occupation and educational level may affect the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hangzhou City. Health education about nutrition and health knowledge requires to be reinforced with adaptations to characteristics of residents.

Protective effects of psoralen polymer lipid nanoparticles on doxorubicin - induced myocardial toxicity

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) induced myocardial toxicity may limit its therapeutic use in clinic. Psoralen (PSO), a major active tricyclic furocoumarin extracted from Psoralea corylifolia, is widely used as an antineoplastic agent in treatment of leukemia and other cancers. This study is aim to find the protective effect of psoralen polymer lipid nanoparticles (PSO-PLN) on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in mice. The model of myocardial toxicity induced by DOX was established. The experiment was divided into 6 groups: normal saline group, DOX + Sulfotanshinone Sodium, DOX + PSO-PLN (3 mg/kg), DOX + PSO-PLN (6 mg/kg), DOX + PSO-PLN (9 mg/ kg), DOX group. DOX alone treated mice lead to a significant decrease in the body weight, heart weight, and increase in the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and malondialdehyde (MDA) markers of cardiotoxicity. However, DOX reduced glutathione (GSH) content and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were recovered by PSO-PLN. And PSO-PLN also decreased markers of cardiotoxicity in the serum. Western blotting data showed that the protective effects of PSO-PLN might be mediated via regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and p38. Our study suggest that PSO-PLN possesses antioxidant activities, inactivating PKA and p38 effect, which in turn protect the heart from the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Relationship between screen time, sleep duration and depressive symptoms among middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Nanjing and the relationship between screen time, sleep duration and depressive symptoms, and to provide a scientific reference for depression prevention in adolescents.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 2 010 students from 5 middle schools in urban areas and 3 middle schools in suburban counties were selected. Screen time and sleep duration were evaluated through questionnaires, and depressive symptom was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).@*Results@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) was 27.71%(557). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with screen time >2 h/d( OR=1.90, 95%CI =1.53-2.37), sleep duration <7 h/d ( OR=2.54, 95%CI =1.88-3.42) were statistically associated with depressive symptoms. stratified analysis showed that, sleep duration of <7 h/d was associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms, the magnitude among students with screen time >2 h/d( OR=2.46, 95%CI =1.64-3.71) was higher than those with screen time ≤2 h/d( OR=2.35, 95%CI =1.51-3.65).@*Conclusion@#High prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed among middle school students in Nanjing. Prolonged screen time and insufficient sleep duration are associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. Attention should be paid to the mental health of adolescents with the combined exposure of screen based activities and lack of sleep.

Medical promotion effect of physical exercise on parkinson's disease / O efeito médico do exercício físico na doença de parkinson / El efecto médico del ejercicio físico en la enfermedad de parkinson

ABSTRACT Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and older people. Some studies have shown that sports can reduce its impact on physical functions. Objective: Based on the abovementioned research background, this paper explores the effect of moderate physical exercise on muscle tone and body posture of patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The article selected 72 Parkinson patients admitted to our hospital's Parkinson's Medical Center from 2019 to 2020. These were divided into a basic drug treatment group and a sports intervention group. The Ashworth score, walking speed, walking cycle, and walking distance of the two groups were recorded. At the same time, we performed statistical data analysis on the two sets of data obtained. Results: Compared with the basic treatment group, the modified Ashworth score of the sports intervention group decreased after treatment (P<0.01). The walking speed of the sports intervention group increased, the walking cycle was shortened, and the distance of repeated steps increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Appropriate physical exercise can reduce muscle tone in patients with Parkinson's disease. It helps them increase their pace and improve small gait symptoms. Sports can help Parkinson patients adjust their body posture and promote their clinical treatment. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A doença de Parkinson é uma doença neurodegenerativa comum em pessoas de meia idade ou idade avançada. Alguns estudos mostram que o esporte pode reduzir seu impacto nas funções físicas das pessoas. Objetivo: Com base em pesquisas sobre o contexto mencionado acima, este estudo explora o efeito de exercício físico moderado no tônus muscular e postura corporal de pacientes com a doença de Parkinson. Métodos: O artigo selecionou 72 pacientes com Parkinson, internados no Centro Médico de Parkinson em nosso hospital, de 2019 a 2020. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos: um de tratamento medicamentoso básico e outro de intervenção esportiva. O escore Ashworth, velocidade de caminhada, ciclo de caminhada e distância de caminhada dos dois grupos foram registrados. Ao mesmo tempo, fizemos uma análise estatística de dados no conjunto de dados obtidos nos dois grupos. Resultados: Ao compararmos o grupo de intervenção esportiva com o de tratamento básico, o escore Ashworth modificado do primeiro grupo diminuiu após o tratamento (P<0.01). A velocidade de caminhada do grupo de intervenção esportiva aumentou, o ciclo de caminhada foi reduzido e a distância de passos repetidos aumentou (P<0.01). Conclusão: Exercícios físicos adequados podem diminuir o tônus muscular em pacientes com a doença de Parkinson. Auxilia no aumento de passos e melhora os sintomas dos passos curtos. Os esportes podem ajudar os pacientes ajustar sua postura e promover seu tratamento clínico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa común en personas de mediana edad o edad avanzada. Algunos estudios muestran que el deporte puede reducir su impacto en las funciones físicas de las personas. Objetivo: Con base en investigaciones sobre el contexto mencionado antes, este estudio explora el efecto de ejercicio físico moderado en el tono muscular y postura corporal de pacientes con la enfermedad de Parkinson. Métodos: El artículo seleccionó 72 pacientes con Parkinson, internados en el Centro Médico de Parkinson en nuestro hospital, de 2019 a 2020. Se los dividió en dos grupos: uno de tratamiento medicamentoso básico y otro de intervención deportiva. Se registró la escala Ashworth, velocidad de caminata, ciclo básico de caminata y distancia de caminata de los dos grupos. Al mismo tiempo, hicimos un análisis estadístico de datos en el conjunto de datos obtenidos en los dos grupos. Resultados: Al comparar el grupo de intervención deportiva con el de tratamiento básico, la escala Ashworth modificada del primer grupo disminuyó tras el tratamiento (P<0.01). La velocidad de caminata del grupo de intervención deportiva aumentó, el ciclo de caminata se redujo y la distancia de pasos repetidos disminuyó (P<0.01). Conclusión: Ejercicios físicos adecuados pueden disminuir el tono muscular en pacientes con la enfermedad de Parkinson. Auxilia en el aumento de pasos y mejora los síntomas de los pasos cortos. Los deportes pueden ayudar a los pacientes a ajustar su postura y promover su tratamiento clínico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Engeletin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating the VEGF/vasohibin and Ang-1/Tie-2 pathways

Engeletin is a natural derivative of Smilax glabra rhizomilax that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and suppresses lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic basis for the neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic activity of engeltin in a human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model system and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. These analyses revealed that engeletin (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) was able to reduce the infarct volume, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological function, and bolster the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vasohibin-2 (Vash-2), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), phosphorylated human angiopoietin receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (p-Tie2), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) in MCAO rats. Similarly, engeletin (100, 200, or 400 nM) markedly enhanced the migration, tube formation, and VEGF expression of HUVECs in an OGD/R model system, while the VEGF receptor (R) inhibitor axitinib reversed the observed changes in HUVEC tube formation activity and Vash-2, VEGF, and CD31 expression. These data suggested that engeletin exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats, and improved cerebrovascular angiogenesis by modulating the VEGF/vasohibin and Ang-1/Tie-2 pathways.

Effects of Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Chondrogenic Ability of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes

BACKGROUND@#The role of sex hormones and their receptors has drawn much attention in the process of cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen receptor (AR) on the chondrogenic ability of articular chondrocytes and the related mechanism. @*METHODS@#Articular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, identified by toluidine blue staining and then transduced with lentivirus carrying the AR gene. The cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The effects of AR overexpression on the expression of cartilage-specific proteins and some signalling molecules were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Using 24 New Zealand rabbits, the regeneration of rabbit articular cartilage defects was further investigated in vivo and evaluated histologically. @*RESULTS@#The overexpression of AR significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes but did not affect their proliferation. The overexpression of AR also promoted the expression of Sry-related HMG box 9, collagen II and aggrecan, decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13, and downregulated p-S6 and RICTOR. The experimental group with AR-overexpressing chondrocytes exhibited superior regeneration of cartilage defects. @*CONCLUSION@#AR overexpression can maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes and promote chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. mTOR-related signalling was inhibited.

Effects of Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Chondrogenic Ability of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes

BACKGROUND@#The role of sex hormones and their receptors has drawn much attention in the process of cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen receptor (AR) on the chondrogenic ability of articular chondrocytes and the related mechanism. @*METHODS@#Articular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, identified by toluidine blue staining and then transduced with lentivirus carrying the AR gene. The cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The effects of AR overexpression on the expression of cartilage-specific proteins and some signalling molecules were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Using 24 New Zealand rabbits, the regeneration of rabbit articular cartilage defects was further investigated in vivo and evaluated histologically. @*RESULTS@#The overexpression of AR significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes but did not affect their proliferation. The overexpression of AR also promoted the expression of Sry-related HMG box 9, collagen II and aggrecan, decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13, and downregulated p-S6 and RICTOR. The experimental group with AR-overexpressing chondrocytes exhibited superior regeneration of cartilage defects. @*CONCLUSION@#AR overexpression can maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes and promote chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. mTOR-related signalling was inhibited.

High-expression of LncRNA MAFG-AS1 is associated with the prognostic of patients with colorectal cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to exhibit distinct functions on the convoluted processes of tumor developments. Some studies on the biological functions of lncRNA MAFG-AS1 (MAFG-AS1) in cancers revealed that they may serve as an oncogene in some kinds of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the role of MAFG-AS1 in the prognostic of CRC. METHODS: A public dataset was mined for the screening of dysregulated lncRNAs in CRC. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to compare the levels of MAFG-AS1 between paired MAFG-AS1 specimens and normal adjacent tissues. The correlations between MAFG-AS1 and clinic pathological features in CRC were analyzed using the chi-square test. The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier test were carried out to compare the survival time of patients with high and low expressions of MAFG-AS1. Cox regression was applied for univariate and multivariate assays to validate whether MAFG-AS1 could be an independent factor in the prognosis of CRC. RESULTS: We found that the distinct upregulation of MAFG-AS1 in various tumors was a common event. MAFG-AS1 was distinctly up-regulated in CRC specimens compared to matched non-tumor specimens (p < 0.01). High MAFG-AS1 expressions were closely associated with depth of invasion (p = 0.011) and TNM stage (p = 0.022). Survival assays revealed that patients with high expression of MAFG-AS1 have a shorter overall survival (p = 0.0030) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: MAFG-AS1 can serve as a novel potential biomarker to predict CRC patients' survival time.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: RNAs longos não codificantes (lncRNAs) comprovadamente apresentam funções distintas no complicado processo de desenvolvimento de tumores. Alguns estudos sobre as funções biológicas dos lncRNA (MAFG-AS1) em cânceres revelaram que eles podem funcionar como um oncogene em alguns tipos de tumores, inclusive no câncer colorretal (CCR). No entanto, pouco é conhecido sobre o papel do MAFG-AS1 no prognóstico do CCR. MÉTODOS: Um conjunto de dados públicos foi analisado em busca de lncRNAs desregulados em casos de CCR. Uma análise quantitativa de reação em cadeia de polimerase precedida de transcrição reversa (qPCR) em tempo real foi utilizada para comparar os níveis de MAFG-AS1 entre pares de amostras de MAFG-AS1 normal e tecidos adjacentes. As correlações entre MAFG-AS1 e características clínico-patológicas do CCR foram analisadas através do teste qui-quadrado. Os testes de Log-rank e Kaplan-Meier foram utilizados para comparar o tempo de sobrevida de pacientes com expressões altas e baixas do MAFG-AS1. A regressão de Cox foi aplicada para ensaios uni e multivariados para validar se MAFG-AS1 poderia ser um fator independente no prognóstico do CCR. RESULTADOS: Observamos que a regulação aumentada de MAFG-AS1 em vários tumores foi um evento comum. MAFG1 estava claramente com a regulação aumentada em espécimes de CCR quando comparado ao de espécimes equivalentes não-tumorais (p < 0,01). Altas expressões de MAFG-AS1 estavam associadas à profundidade de invasão (p = 0,011) e classificação no sistema TNM (p = 0,022). As análises de sobrevida revelaram que pacientes com expressões elevadas do MAFG-AS1 tiveram uma diminuição significativa da sobrevida global (p = 0,0030) e da sobrevida livre de doença (p = 0,0002). CONCLUSÃO: MAFG-AS1 pode ser um novo potencial biomarcador para predizer o tempo de sobrevida de pacientes de CCR.

Methyltransferase Like 3 and Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein Are Required for H7N9 Infection in Cell Culture

Background METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3) and FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) are criticalfor establishing and regulating the m6A (N6-methyladenosine) modification, but very little is known about thefunction of m6A in the immune system or its role in interactions within the host immune system.Methods Western blotting experiment was used to check the expression of the host proteins related to m6Amodification after H7N9 influenza virus infection. Immunofluorescence experiment was used to identifywhether the subcellular localization of related proteins. Moreover, we knocked down and over expressendogenous METTL3 or FTO in A549 cells, and then infected the cells with H7N9 to test whethermethyltransferases or demethylases affect H7N9 replication.Result We confirmed that the expression pattern of m6A proteins was altered during H7N9 infection. METTL3and FTO were located in the nucleus, and YTHDF3 was located in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, our resultsdemonstrate that downregulation of METTL3 or FTO expression in A549 cells severely impairs viral proteinexpression and H7N9 infection.Conclusions METTL3 and FTO are critical for H7N9 replication which may represent a new mechanism for thecontrol of H7N9 replication and host-pathogen interactions.

Transcriptome-wide identification and profiling of miRNAs in a stress-tolerant conifer Sabina chinensis

miRNAs are important regulatory components involving in many biological processes, including plantdevelopment, vegetative and reproductive growth, and stress response. However, identification and characterization of miRNAs still remain limited for conifer species. In this study, with deep sequencing, we obtained1,314,450 unique reads with 18–30 nt length from a stress-tolerant conifer, Sabina chinensis. We identified 37conserved and 103 novel miRNAs, their unique characteristics were further analyzed, and 10 randomlyselected were validated by qRT-PCR. Through miRNA target predictions and annotations, we found miRNAmay have several targets as well a target could be regulated by several miRNAs, and a total of 2,397 mRNAswere predicted to be targets of the 140 miRNAs. These targets included not only important transcription factorssuch as auxin response factors, but also indispensable non-transcriptional factor proteins. Pathway-basedanalysis showed that S. chinensis miRNAs are involved in 172 metabolic pathways, of which 3 were discovered in adaptation-related pathways, indicating their possible relevance to the species’ stress-tolerancecharacteristics. This study is expected to lay the foundation for exploring the regulative roles of miRNAs indevelopment, growth, and response to environmental stresses of S. chinensis.

Role of adiponectin in diabetes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic postconditioning

Abstract Purpose Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to myocardial I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury, but are not responsive to IPO (ischaemic post-conditioning). We hypothesized that decreased cardiac Adiponectin (APN) is responsible for the loss of diabetic heart sensitivity to IPO cardioprotecton. Methods Diabetic rats were subjected to I/R injury (30 min of LAD occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion). Myocardial infarct area was determined by TTC staining. Cardiac function was monitored by a microcatheter. ANP, 15-F2t-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine and MDA were measured by assay kits. Levels of p-Akt, total-Akt and GAPDH were determined by Western Blot. Results Diabetic rats subjected to myocardial IR exhibited severe myocardial infarction and oxidative stress injury, lower APN in the plasma and cardiac p-Akt expression ( P <0.05). IPO significantly attenuated myocardial injury and up-regulated plasma APN content and cardiac p-Akt expression in non-diabetic rats but not in diabetic rats. Linear correlation analysis showed that the expression of adiponectin was positively correlated with p-Akt and negatively correlated with myocardial infarction area ( P <0.01). Conclusion Protective effect of IPO was tightly correlated with the expression of adiponectin, exacerbation of I/R injury and ineffectiveness of IPO was partially due to the decline of adiponectin and inactivation of Akt in diabetes mellitus.

Mechanisms of propofol-caused cognitive impairment in young obese rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on cognitive function in young obese rats, and to explore its relationship with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein expression and plasma S100 calciumbinding protein β (S100β) expression. Methods A total of 140 male SD rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into normal diet group (n=40) and high-fat diet group (n=100), and the rats were fed with a normal diet and a high-fat diet, respectively. After 4 weeks of feeding, 40 rats of the high-fat diet group with body mass≥the average body mass ≥1.4 times of the standard deviation of the normal diet group were designated as obese rats. The rats in the normal diet group were randomly divided into the normal lipid emulsion solvent group (NL group) and the normal propofol group (NP group), and the 40 obese rats were randomly divided into the obese lipid emulsion solvent group (OL group) and the obese propofol group (OP group), with 20 rats in each group. The rats in the propofol groups were intraperitoneally given propofol 100 mg/kg, and those in the lipid emulsion solvent groups (control groups) were intraperitoneally given lipid emulsion solvent 100 mg/kg, once a day for 7 days. On the first day after drug withdrawal, Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats in each group. Meanwhile, the plasma S100β protein content of each group was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the expression levels of HO-1 and SOD1 protein in hippocampus were detected by Western blotting, and the changes of neurons in hippocampus CA1 area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Compared with the OL group, the escape latency time was significantly prolonged on 1-5 days (all P0.05). Conclusion Propofol can down-regulate the expression of anti-oxidant factors HO-1 and SOD1 in the hippocampus of young obese rats, leading to increase of S100β expression and oxidative stress and eventually causing cognitive impairment..

Internet behaviors and associated factor among Chinese primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze Internet behaviors of children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for health education guidance and prevention measures.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used. From January to June 2019, 30 955 primary school students in 16 provinces (municipalities), from eastern, central, and western economic zones of China were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey, regarding general demographics, diet and exercise, tobacco, alcohol and sleep, Internet and electronics usage, etc.@*Results@#Among them, 43.1% of students had never been online with girls (44.7%) higher than boys (41.8%)(χ2=21.04, P<0.01); 1.3% of students reported online time for more than 4 hours a day, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=15.87, P<0.01); Internet addiction was detected in 2.4% of elementary school students, with boys (3.0%) higher than girls(1.7%)(χ2=331.77, P<0.01), and the trend increases with grade. With sixth grade (3.3%) were significantly higher than children from the first grade (0.8%) and other grades(χ2=163.96, P<0.01). Children’s tendency to Internet addiction was 11.9%, of which boys were 13.0% and girls were 10.6%, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=117.66, P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that, after controlling gender age, boarding school, family relationship, single parents and regrouped families, smoking, drinking sugary drinks, eating fried foods, and left-behind were positively related to Intenet addiction(r=0.06, 0.07, 0.27, 0.44, 0.07, 0.11, 0.09, P<0.01), while medium and high intensity sports, effective physical education, health education in school, AIDS education and parental restrictions on TV and computer games, were negatively associated with internet addiction(r=-0.74, -0.65, -0.04, -0.05, -0.63, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The internet addiction of Chinese primary school students is common and increases by year. High-intensity, high-density sports, effective physical education, and health education could help prevent Internet addiction among children.

Research progress on the risk factors and treatment of consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgeries / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Consecutive strabismus refers to the secondary manifest strabismus right after or a period after strabismus surgeries, including consecutive esotropia and consecutive exotropia. It is reported that the incidence of consecutive esotropia is 6%-20%. Consecutive esotropia may lead to increased risks of amblyopia and visual deficiency in children and diplopia in adults. As the multiformity and complexity of continuous esotropia, there exist many challenges for clinicians to know the risk factors well and select appropriate treatment. The article reviews the latest research progress on the risk factors and treatment strategies of consecutive esotropia, aiming to help better evaluate the risks of continuous esotropia after exotropia surgeries, adjust the operation plans, and provide references to select the appropriate treatment plan.

Effect of carbamylated erythropoietin on neuronal apoptosis in fetal rats during intrauterine hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease that occurs during the perinatal period. The primary cause of neonatal HIE is related to fetal intrauterine anoxia. Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO), a derivative of erythropoietin (EPO), does not exert any erythropoietic effect; however, the neuroprotective effects resemble those of EPO. Previous studies have shown the potential benefits of CEPO on the central nervous system. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CEPO in neuronal apoptosis during intrauterine HIE and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: To validate our hypothesis, we established an intrauterine HIE model by occluding the bilateral uteroovarian arteries of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared to the I/R group, neuronal apoptosis in the CEPO group was significantly lower at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h (P < 0.05). CEPO significantly inhibited CC3 expression (P < 0.05) during the early-stages after ischemia-reperfusion (0.5, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h), upregulated Bcl-2 expression, and downregulated Bax expression at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Carbamylated erythropoietin pretreatment inhibited the expression of proapoptotic protein CC3 in brain and regulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, resulting in reduced neuronal apoptosis and thus resulting in a protective effect on intrauterine HIE.

Quality of life and determinants among children with dyslexia in China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the Quality of life among school-aged children with dyslexia in target city and to provide scientific evidence for improving the quality of life of children with dyslexia.@*Methods@#By using cluster sampling,students from grade 3 to grade 6 from 6 primary schools in a middle-sized were selected and administered with questionnaire survey. According to the criteria of dyslexia, dyslexic children and non-dyslexic children were identified and the difference of the Quality of Life was compared.@*Results@#Totally 3 673 children were collected, and 119 of them were identified as dyslexia(3.24%).The prevalence of dyslexia differed by gender,grades,educational level of parents(χ2=24.77,11.75,18.50,9.79,P<0.05). The Quality of Life which below the average proportion accounted for 30.3% of dyslexic children and 16.7% of normal children. Quality of life scored signiticantly different between dyslexic children and non-dyslexia children, including psychosocial functioning domain(134.54±30.88)(143.49±32.53), physical and mental health domain(2.71±0.84)(2.92±0.81) vs (2.83±0.90)(3.06±0.87), the living satisfaction domain(2.95±0.87)(3.14±0.87)(t=-6.09，-5.48，-5.44，-4.50，P<0.01),with dyslexic group significantly lower than that of non-dyslexic group.@*Conclusion@#The Quality of Life of Dyslexic children was in a poor condition.